{"id":1110,"date":"2017-07-07T17:50:26","date_gmt":"2017-07-07T17:50:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.manganesexenergycorp.com\/manganese-supply-chain-challenges\/"},"modified":"2017-07-07T17:50:26","modified_gmt":"2017-07-07T17:50:26","slug":"manganese-supply-chain-challenges","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.manganesexenergycorp.com\/de\/manganese-supply-chain-challenges\/","title":{"rendered":"Manganese Supply Chain Challenges"},"content":{"rendered":"

[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

Manganese Supply Chain Challenges \u2014 Critical Need for a North American Supplier<\/h2>\n

[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]North America is without a domestic manganese supply chain, and that poses significant problems for economic growth on the continent.
\n<\/strong>Manganese plays an important role in steelmaking due to its ability to combine with sulfur. When manganese is added to molten steel, it increases the alloy\u2019s strength and makes it more resistant to impact. In fact, steelmaking is impossible without manganese; for every tonne of iron, 10 to 20 pounds of manganese must be added, making it the fourth-most-traded metal commodity in the world. Only aluminum, iron ore and copper are more widely used. As a steel alloy, there is no substitute for manganese.
\nWhile 90 percent of manganese is used for making steel, the battery industry is its second-largest consumer \u2014 the space is attracting more and more attention from investors who understand the uses of critical metals like manganese in the production of batteries for electric vehicles (EVs) and other renewable energy applications such as electricity grid storage. Rising demand for manganese-based batteries for these applications is expected to translate into strong demand for electrolytic manganese dioxide (EMD), an upgraded form of manganese that is a key ingredient of lithium-ion, alkaline and zinc\/manganese batteries.
\nManganese ore is produced mainly by four countries: South Africa, Australia, China and Gabon. Out of a world market of 33.7 million tonnes, 35 percent is mined in China, 16 percent in South Africa, 13 percent in Australia and 9 percent in Gabon. Some manganese deposits are rich enough in manganese to direct ship the ore, while for others the manganese content is lower, meaning the ore must be beneficiated to improve its grade before being sent on for further processing. Manganese is smelted to form ferromanganese and silicomanganese, alloys that are used in steelmaking.<\/p>\n

North America without domestic manganese supply chain<\/strong><\/p>\n

North America is 100 percent dependent on manganese imports for its steel and battery production \u2014 a unique and potentially destabilizing situation considering the critical need for battery technology, the vulnerability of the US steel industry and the continent\u2019s dependence on major manganese producers like South Africa and China. North America\u2019s lack of a domestic manganese supply chain has been compared to the stranglehold the Arab states had over the American oil market in the 1970s.
\nThe US has no manganese reserves and no producing mines, a situation echoed in most industrialized countries, including those in Europe. The problem is partly related to geology, although that is not the complete picture. According to the US Geological Survey, manganese ore containing 20 percent or more manganese has not been produced in the US or Canada since 1970. At that time, most manganese was consumed by steel plants in the Eastern US and Midwest \u2014 either to make pig iron or by upgrading the ore to ferroalloys. Other uses were in dry cell batteries, plant fertilizers, animal feed and as a brick colorant.
\nAll the high-grade (over 20 percent) manganese ore was mined out, leaving just the low-grade material. It is considered too expensive to mine given the lower-cost and easier alternative, which is to import it. The US previously had a manganese stockpile, but it has since been depleted.<\/p>\n

While that doesn\u2019t seem like a big issue \u2014 after all, the US imports other metals considered critical for economic and military purposes, including rare earths, cobalt, chromium and platinum \u2014 the lack of a domestic manganese supply chain could upend the US economy in ways that are not currently being foreseen or appreciated, says Rick Mills, a BC-based mining analyst and publisher ofAheadoftheherd.com.
\n\u201cWhat people need to realize is that without manganese you can\u2019t make steel,\u201d says Mills. \u201cIf Gabon quit shipping in their ore or we had a problem with South Africa, we don\u2019t have a steel industry anymore.\u201d<\/p>\n

Small market, big potential for a North American manganese supply chain<\/strong><\/p>\n

The North American manganese market is tiny \u2014 just half a million tonnes per year. Most of that goes into steel, with the remainder sold to the battery industry. For the latter, China is the almost exclusive supplier, having cornered the market for EMD. The US is the world\u2019s largest consumer of EMD and China supplies 97 percent of it.
\nBut with tensions between the US and China growing, epitomized by the recent decision by the Trump administration to slap tariffs on Chinese stainless steel, the US needs to be careful about potential counterattacks from the Chinese where they are most vulnerable: EMD.
\n\u201cThe Chinese have the US over a barrel. Slowly people are waking up to the fact that we have about 19 minerals for which we are 100 percent reliant on Russia and China. Manganese is a big one,\u201d says Mills.
\nIndeed, manganese is a critical link in the lithium-ion battery supply chain that is driving the adoption of EVs. According to Tesla (NASDAQ:TSLA) CEO Elon Musk, energy storage is \u201cthe last vital piece\u201d needed to wean the global economy off fossil fuels and enable widespread adoption of EVs and renewable energy.
\nWhile the North American manganese market is small now, it has huge potential considering the growing popularity of EVs that run on batteries made from lithium, nickel, cobalt and manganese \u2014 which is increasingly being seen as a leading-edge metal for battery production.<\/p>\n

Tesla turning to manganese<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tesla currently uses nickel-cobalt-aluminum (NCA) batteries for the EVs at its gigafactory in Nevada, but new batteries made from nickel, manganese and cobalt (NMC) have a lower raw material cost, reduced charging time and a longer lifespan. Manganese sells for less than $1 per pound versus around $14 per pound for cobalt, allowing for a much cheaper battery, which in a Tesla accounts for half the price of the vehicle.
\nThe company may soon be switching to manganese-based batteries, having signed a five-year partnership with Dr. Jeff Dahn of Dalhousie University, a prominent NMC battery researcher who has been tasked with reducing battery costs for Tesla.
\nOther large purchasers of new battery technology are shifting to NMC batteries, including 3M (NYSE:MMM), BMW (ETR:BMW), General Electric (NYSE:GE) and Duracell.
\nMills note that while Tesla gets all the hype when it comes to EVs, there are other gigafactories being built in China and India that are all planning to use manganese in their electric car batteries.
\nHe says that Tesla\u2019s current choice of cobalt as a battery ingredient is problematic, not only for its expense, but due to its fragmented supply line. \u201cIf Tesla was to build their batteries with cobalt, they would need something like 30 different mines because none of them are primary producers. Cobalt is basically pricing itself out of the market.\u201d
\nThe concern is that if and when the electric car revolution finally gets underway in North America, companies like Tesla will have to go cap in hand to foreign suppliers of manganese for such a critical component of their cars because there won\u2019t be any battery-grade manganese available domestically.
\nInvestors keen on taking advantage of the inevitable gap between manganese supply and demand are looking for pure-play manganese projects with the ability to supply the domestic market. \u201cIt\u2019s just not something that\u2019s common. If you can find a decent manganese deposit in North America, you\u2019re going to have the world beating on your door,\u201d says Mills.<\/p>\n

Read more here<\/a><\/h4>\n

[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_separator color=“black“][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]About Manganese X Energy<\/strong><\/p>\n

Manganese\u2019s X mission is to acquire and advance high potential manganese mining prospects located in North America with the intent of supplying value added materials to the lithium ion battery and other alternative energy industries. In addition our company is striving to achieve new methodologies emanating from environmentally and geographically ethical and friendly green\/zero emissions technologies, while processing manganese at a lower competitive cost. <\/em><\/p>\n

For more information, visit the website at www.manganesexenergycorp.com.<\/em>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_separator color=“black“][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]ON BEHALF OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS<\/strong><\/p>\n

Martin Kepman
\nCEO and Director
\nmartin@kepman.com
\n1-514-802-1814<\/p>\n

Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Neither TSX Venture Exchange nor its Regulation Services Provider (as that term is defined in the policies of the TSX Venture Exchange) accepts responsibility for the adequacy or accuracy of this release.<\/em><\/p>\n

This news release contains „forward-looking information“ including statements with respect to the future exploration performance of the Company. This forward-looking information involves known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors which may cause the actual results, performance or achievements of the Company to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements of the Company, expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. These risks, as well as others, are disclosed within the Company’s filing on SEDAR, which investors are encouraged to review prior to any transaction involving the securities of the Company. Forward-looking information contained herein is provided as of the date of this news release and the Company disclaims any obligation, other than as required by law, to update any forward-looking information for any reason. There can be no assurance that forward-looking information will prove to be accurate and the reader is cautioned not to place undue reliance on such forward-looking information. We seek safe harbor.<\/em>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text] Manganese Supply Chain Challenges \u2014 Critical Need for a North American Supplier [\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]North America is without a domestic manganese supply chain, and that poses significant problems for economic growth on the continent. Manganese plays an important role in steelmaking due to its ability to combine with sulfur. When manganese is added to molten steel, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1107,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1110","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog-post-de"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nManganese Supply Chain Challenges – Manganese X Energy Corp.<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.manganesexenergycorp.com\/de\/manganese-supply-chain-challenges\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"de_DE\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Manganese Supply Chain Challenges – Manganese X Energy Corp.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text] Manganese Supply Chain Challenges \u2014 Critical Need for a North American Supplier [\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]North America is without a domestic manganese supply chain, and that poses significant problems for economic growth on the continent. 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